Showing Compound Card for Glycine (CDB006139)

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Record Information
Version1.0
Created at2020-03-18 23:21:26 UTC
Updated at2022-12-13 23:36:22 UTC
CannabisDB IDCDB006139
Secondary Accession NumbersNot Available
Cannabis Compound Identification
Common NameGlycine
DescriptionGlycine, also known as Gly or aminoacetic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Glycine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Glycine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. Glycine is an odorless tasting compound. Outside of the human body, Glycine is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as gelatins, gelatin desserts, and beluga whales and in a lower concentration in hedge mustards, pumpkinseed sunfish, and prunus (cherry, plum). Glycine has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as boysenberries, fruit juices, giant butterburs, ginsengs, and Chinese mustards. Glycine is most important and simple, nonessential amino acid in humans, animals, and many mammals. Generally, glycine is synthesized from choline, serine, hydroxyproline, and threonine through interorgan metabolism in which kidneys and liver are the primarily involved. Glycine acts as precursor for several key metabolites of low molecular weight such as creatine, glutathione, haem, purines, and porphyrins. There are a number of reports supporting the role of supplementary glycine in prevention of many diseases and disorders including cancer. Dietary supplementation of glycine is effectual has been shown to be effective in treating metabolic disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases ( PMID: 25332814 ), several inflammatory diseases, obesity, cancers, and diabetes ( PMID: 27292783 ). Glycine has also been shown to enhance the quality of sleep and neurological functions. (PMID: 28337245 )
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDFPDBSMILESInChI
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC2H5NO2
Average Molecular Weight75.07
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight75.032
IUPAC Name2-aminoacetic acid
Traditional Nameglycine
CAS Registry Number56-40-6
SMILES
NCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5)
InChI KeyDHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha amino acids. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentAlpha amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Amine
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect

Health effect:

Disposition

Route of exposure:

Source:

Biological location:

Role

Biological role:

Industrial application:

Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point262.2 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility249 mg/mLNot Available
logP-3.21HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-3.3ALOGPS
logP-3.4ChemAxon
logS0.87ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.31ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.24ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area63.32 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity16 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability6.65 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
EI-MS/GC-MS
MS/MS
NMR
Pathways
Pathways
Protein Targets
Enzymes
Transporters
Protein NameGene NameLocusUniprot IDDetails
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3BGRIN3B19p13.3O60391 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1GRIN2A16p13.2Q12879 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3GRIN2C17q25Q14957 details
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1SLC6A91p33P48067 details
Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2SLC6A511p15.1Q9Y345 details
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1SLC36A15q33.1Q7Z2H8 details
Monocarboxylate transporter 10SLC16A106q21-q22Q8TF71 details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1GLRA15q32P23415 details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2GLRA2P23416 details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3GLRA34q33-q34O75311 details
Glycine receptor subunit betaGLRB4q31.3P48167 details
Metal Bindings
Protein NameGene NameLocusUniprot IDDetails
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3GART21q22.11P22102 details
Aminopeptidase NANPEPP15144 details
Cytosol aminopeptidaseLAP3P28838 details
Receptors
Protein NameGene NameLocusUniprot IDDetails
Aminopeptidase NANPEPP15144 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3BGRIN3B19p13.3O60391 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1GRIN2A16p13.2Q12879 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3GRIN2C17q25Q14957 details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1GLRA15q32P23415 details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2GLRA2P23416 details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3GLRA34q33-q34O75311 details
Glycine receptor subunit betaGLRB4q31.3P48167 details
N-arachidonyl glycine receptorGPR1813q32Q14330 details
Transcriptional FactorsNot Available
Concentrations Data
Cannabis CultivarStatusValueReferenceDetails
Alien DawgDetected and Quantified0.137 mg/g dry wt
    • David S. Wishart,...
 details
GabriolaDetected and Quantified0.0932 mg/g dry wt
    • David S. Wishart,...
 details
Island HoneyDetected and Quantified0.0520 mg/g dry wt
    • David S. Wishart,...
 details
QuadraDetected and Quantified0.177 mg/g dry wt
    • David S. Wishart,...
 details
Sensi StarDetected and Quantified0.104 mg/g dry wt
    • David S. Wishart,...
 details
Tangerine DreamDetected and Quantified0.0849 mg/g dry wt
    • David S. Wishart,...
 details
HMDB IDHMDB0000123
DrugBank IDDB00145
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB000484
KNApSAcK IDC00001361
Chemspider ID730
KEGG Compound IDC00037
BioCyc IDGLY
BiGG ID33610
Wikipedia LinkGlycine
METLIN ID20
PubChem Compound750
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15428
References
General References
  1. Razak MA, Begum PS, Viswanath B, Rajagopal S: Multifarious Beneficial Effect of Nonessential Amino Acid, Glycine: A Review. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:1716701. doi: 10.1155/2017/1716701. Epub 2017 Mar 1. [PubMed:28337245 ]
  2. McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ: The cardiometabolic benefits of glycine: Is glycine an 'antidote' to dietary fructose? Open Heart. 2014 May 28;1(1):e000103. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2014-000103. eCollection 2014. [PubMed:25332814 ]
  3. Perez-Torres I, Zuniga-Munoz AM, Guarner-Lans V: Beneficial Effects of the Amino Acid Glycine. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2017;17(1):15-32. doi: 10.2174/1389557516666160609081602. [PubMed:27292783 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 49 proteins in total.

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Enzymes

Enzyme Details
1. 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ALAS2
Uniprot ID:
P22557
Molecular weight:
64632.86
Enzyme Details
2. 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in 5-aminolevulinate synthase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ALAS1
Uniprot ID:
P13196
Molecular weight:
70580.325
Enzyme Details
3. 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in glycine C-acetyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
GCAT
Uniprot ID:
O75600
Molecular weight:
47973.79
Enzyme Details
4. Peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Metabolizes sarcosine, L-pipecolic acid and L-proline.
Gene Name:
PIPOX
Uniprot ID:
Q9P0Z9
Molecular weight:
44065.515
Enzyme Details
5. D-amino-acid oxidase
General function:
Involved in D-amino-acid oxidase activity
Specific function:
Regulates the level of the neuromodulator D-serine in the brain. Has high activity towards D-DOPA and contributes to dopamine synthesis. Could act as a detoxifying agent which removes D-amino acids accumulated during aging. Acts on a variety of D-amino acids with a preference for those having small hydrophobic side chains followed by those bearing polar, aromatic, and basic groups. Does not act on acidic amino acids.
Gene Name:
DAO
Uniprot ID:
P14920
Molecular weight:
39473.75
Enzyme Details
6. Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
GART
Uniprot ID:
P22102
Molecular weight:
107766.295
Enzyme Details
7. Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial
General function:
Involved in transaminase activity
Specific function:
Can metabolize asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) via transamination to alpha-keto-delta-(NN-dimethylguanidino) valeric acid (DMGV). ADMA is a potent inhibitor of nitric-oxide (NO) synthase, and this activity provides mechanism through which the kidney regulates blood pressure.
Gene Name:
AGXT2
Uniprot ID:
Q9BYV1
Molecular weight:
57155.905
Enzyme Details
8. Glycine N-methyltransferase
General function:
Involved in folic acid binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes the methylation of glycine by using S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to form N-methylglycine (sarcosine) with the concomitant production of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy). Possible crucial role in the regulation of tissue concentration of AdoMet and of metabolism of methionine.
Gene Name:
GNMT
Uniprot ID:
Q14749
Molecular weight:
32742.0
Enzyme Details
9. Aminopeptidase N
General function:
Involved in proteolysis
Specific function:
Broad specificity aminopeptidase. Plays a role in the final digestion of peptides generated from hydrolysis of proteins by gastric and pancreatic proteases. May play a critical role in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstone disease. May be involved in the metabolism of regulatory peptides of diverse cell types, responsible for the processing of peptide hormones, such as angiotensin III and IV, neuropeptides, and chemokines. Found to cleave antigen peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules of presenting cells and to degrade neurotransmitters at synaptic junctions. Is also implicated as a regulator of IL-8 bioavailability in the endometrium, and therefore may contribute to the regulation of angiogenesis. Is used as a marker for acute myeloid leukemia and plays a role in tumor invasion. In case of human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) infection, serves as receptor for HCoV-229E spike glycoprotein. Mediates as well human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection.
Gene Name:
ANPEP
Uniprot ID:
P15144
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Enzyme Details
10. Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Catalyzes the biosynthesis of guanidinoacetate, the immediate precursor of creatine. Creatine plays a vital role in energy metabolism in muscle tissues. May play a role in embryonic and central nervous system development. May be involved in the response to heart failure by elevating local creatine synthesis.
Gene Name:
GATM
Uniprot ID:
P50440
Molecular weight:
48455.01

Transporters

Enzyme Details
1. Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3B
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine
Gene Name:
GRIN3B
Uniprot ID:
O60391
Molecular weight:
112991.0
Enzyme Details
2. Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Activation requires binding of agonist to both types of subunits
Gene Name:
GRIN2A
Uniprot ID:
Q12879
Molecular weight:
165281.2
Enzyme Details
3. Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine
Gene Name:
GRIN2C
Uniprot ID:
Q14957
Molecular weight:
134531.1
Enzyme Details
4. Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1
General function:
Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
Terminates the action of glycine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. May play a role in regulation of glycine levels in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission.
Gene Name:
SLC6A9
Uniprot ID:
P48067
Molecular weight:
70582.02
Enzyme Details
5. Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2
General function:
Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
Terminates the action of glycine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. May be responsible for the termination of neurotransmission at strychnine-sensitive glycinergic synapses.
Gene Name:
SLC6A5
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y345
Molecular weight:
87433.13
Enzyme Details
6. Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1
General function:
Amino acid transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Neutral amino acid/proton symporter. Has a pH-dependent electrogenic transport activity for small amino acids such as glycine, alanine and proline. Besides small apolar L-amino acids, it also recognize their D-enantiomers and selected amino acid derivatives such as gamma-aminobutyric acid
Gene Name:
SLC36A1
Uniprot ID:
Q7Z2H8
Molecular weight:
53075.0
Enzyme Details
7. Monocarboxylate transporter 10
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Sodium-independent transporter that mediates the update of aromatic acid. Can function as a net efflux pathway for aromatic amino acids in the basosolateral epithelial cells
Gene Name:
SLC16A10
Uniprot ID:
Q8TF71
Molecular weight:
55492.1
Enzyme Details
8. Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing)
Gene Name:
GLRA1
Uniprot ID:
P23415
Molecular weight:
52623.4
Enzyme Details
9. Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing)
Gene Name:
GLRA2
Uniprot ID:
P23416
Molecular weight:
52001.6
Enzyme Details
10. Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
The glycine receptor is a neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. Binding of glycine to its receptor increases the chloride conductance and thus produces hyperpolarization (inhibition of neuronal firing)
Gene Name:
GLRA3
Uniprot ID:
O75311
Molecular weight:
53799.8

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 49 proteins in total.

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