Cannabis Compound Database: Showing Compound Card for Nicotine (CDB005499)

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Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Protein target Pathways Concentrations Links References enzymes (2)transporters (8) Show 24 proteins XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Created at

2020-04-27 16:26:41 UTC

Updated at

2021-01-04 20:37:45 UTC

CannabisDB ID

CDB005499

Secondary Accession Numbers

Not Available

Cannabis Compound Identification

Common Name

Nicotine

Description

Nicotine, also known as (S)-nicotine or habitrol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrrolidinylpyridines. Pyrrolidinylpyridines are compounds containing a pyrrolidinylpyridine ring system, which consists of a pyrrolidine ring linked to a pyridine ring. Nicotine is a hygroscopic, oily liquid that is miscible with water in its base form. As a nitrogenous base, nicotine forms salts with acids that are usually solid and water soluble. Nicotine is an alkaloid found in the nightshade family of plants (Solanaceae), predominantly in tobacco and in lower quantities in tomato, potato, eggplant (aubergine), and green pepper. Nicotine alkaloids are also found in the leaves of the coca plant. Nicotine constitutes 0.3 to 5% of the tobacco plant by dry weight, with biosynthesis taking place in the root and accumulation in the leaves. Nicotine is highly addictive and it is the main reason why tobacco smoking (or chewing tobacco) leads to life-long addiction or dependency in many individuals. Nicotine causes the release dopamine in the same regions of the brain as other addictive drugs. It causes mood-altering changes that make the person temporarily feel good. Inhaled tobacco smoke delivers nicotine to the brain within 20 seconds, which makes tobacco smoke (and smoking) very addictive‚Äîcomparable to other addictive drugs such as opioids, alcohol and cocaine. The amount of nicotine inhaled with tobacco smoke is a fraction of the amount contained in the tobacco leaves (most of the substance is destroyed by the heat). The amount of nicotine absorbed by the body from smoking depends on many factors, including the type of tobacco, whether the smoke is inhaled, and whether a filter is used. For chewing tobacco, often called dip, snuff, or sinus, which is held in the mouth between the lip and gum, the amount released into the body tends to be much greater than smoked tobacco. Nicotine is a stimulant that acts as an agonist at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These are ionotropic receptors composed of five homomeric or heteromeric subunits. In the brain, nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on dopaminergic neurons in the cortico-limbic pathways. This causes the channel to open and allow conductance of multiple cations including sodium, calcium, and potassium. This leads to depolarization, which activates voltage-gated calcium channels and allows more calcium to enter the axon terminal. Calcium stimulates vesicle trafficking towards the plasma membrane and the release of dopamine into the synapse. Dopamine binding to its receptors is responsible for the euphoric and addictive properties of nicotine. Nicotine also binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla. Binding opens the ion channel allowing an influx of sodium which causes depolarization of the cell and activates voltage-gated calcium channels. Calcium triggers the release of epinephrine from intracellular vesicles into the bloodstream, which causes vasoconstriction, increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, and increased blood sugar. It has been noted that the majority of people diagnosed with schizophrenia smoke tobacco. Estimates for the number of schizophrenics that smoke range from 75% to 90%. It was recently argued that the increased level of smoking in schizophrenia may be due to a desire to self-medicate with nicotine. Nicotine is a potent neurotoxin with particular specificity to insects; therefore nicotine was widely used as an insecticide in the past and nicotine derivatives such as imidacloprid continue to be widely used as an insecticide. Nicotine is not a carcinogent and nicotine on its own, does not promote the development of cancer in healthy tissue and has no mutagenic properties. However, nicotine and the increased acetylcholinic activity it causes have been shown to impede apoptosis, which is one of the methods by which the body destroys unwanted cells (programmed cell death). Since apoptosis helps to remove mutated or damaged cells that may eventually become cancerous, the inhibitory actions of nicotine create a more favourable environment for cancer to develop. Nicotine is also a constituent of cannabis smoke. It is formed during the combustion of cannabis ( Ref:DOI ).

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
(-)-Nicotine	ChEBI
(-)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine	ChEBI
(-)-3-(N-Methylpyrrolidino)pyridine	ChEBI
(R)-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine	ChEBI
(S)-(-)-Nicotine	ChEBI
(S)-3-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	ChEBI
(S)-3-(N-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	ChEBI
1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)pyrrolidine	ChEBI
3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrollidinyl)pyridine	ChEBI
3-(1-Methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	ChEBI
3-(2-(N-Methylpyrrolidinyl))pyridine	ChEBI
3-(N-Methylpyrollidino)pyridine	ChEBI
L(-)-Nicotine	ChEBI
L-3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidyl)pyridine	ChEBI
L-Nicotine	ChEBI
(S)-Nicotine	Kegg
Habitrol	Kegg
(+)-Nicotine	HMDB
(R,S)-Nicotine	HMDB
1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridal)-pyrrolidene	HMDB
1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridal)-pyrrolidine	HMDB
1-Methyl-2-(3-pyridiyl)pyrrolidine	HMDB
2'-beta-H-Nicotine	HMDB
3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-pyridine	HMDB
3-(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine	HMDB
3-(N-Methylpyrrolidino)pyridine	HMDB
3-N-Methylpyrrolidine	HMDB
a -N-Methylpyrrolidine	HMDB
a-N-Methylpyrrolidine	HMDB
alpha-N-Methylpyrrolidine	HMDB
beta-Pyridyl-alpha-N-methylpyrrolidine	HMDB
D-Nicotine	HMDB
delta-Nicotine	HMDB
Destruxol	HMDB
DL-Tetrahydronicotyrine	HMDB
Fumeto bac	HMDB
Methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine	HMDB
Nicoderm	HMDB
Nicotine polacrilex	HMDB
R)-(+)-Nicotine	HMDB
Tartrate, nicotine	HMDB
Nicotine bitartrate	HMDB
Nicotine tartrate	HMDB
Bitartrate, nicotine	HMDB
Nicotine	ChEBI

Chemical Formula

C₁₀H₁₄N₂

Average Molecular Weight

162.23

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

162.1157

IUPAC Name

3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine

Traditional Name

nicoderm CQ

CAS Registry Number

54-11-5

SMILES

CN1CCC[C@H]1C1=CN=CC=C1

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C10H14N2/c1-12-7-3-5-10(12)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8,10H,3,5,7H2,1H3/t10-/m0/s1

InChI Key

SNICXCGAKADSCV-JTQLQIEISA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrrolidinylpyridines. Pyrrolidinylpyridines are compounds containing a pyrrolidinylpyridine ring system, which consists of a pyrrolidine ring linked to a pyridine ring.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organoheterocyclic compounds

Class

Pyridines and derivatives

Sub Class

Pyrrolidinylpyridines

Direct Parent

Pyrrolidinylpyridines

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Pyrrolidinylpyridine
Alkaloid or derivatives
Aralkylamine
N-alkylpyrrolidine
Heteroaromatic compound
Pyrrolidine
Tertiary aliphatic amine
Tertiary amine
Azacycle
Organic nitrogen compound
Organopnictogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organonitrogen compound
Amine
Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds

External Descriptors

nicotine (CHEBI:17688 )
Pesticides (C00745 )
Pyridine alkaloids (C00745 )
Alkaloids (C00745 )

Ontology

Physiological effect

Health effect:

Health condition:

Dizziness

Vascular disorders:

Hypotension

Psychiatric disorders:

Confusion

General disorders and administration site conditions:

Pain

Gastrointestinal disorders:

Cardiac disorders:

Palpitations

Disposition

Route of exposure:

Parenteral:

Inhalation

Enteral:

Ingestion

Source:

Environmental:

Tobacco smoke

Biological:

Animal

Plant:

Biological location:

Organ and components:

Tissue and substructures:

Hair

Biofluid and excreta:

Subcellular:

Role

Environmental role:

Industrial application:

Drug

Pharmaceutical industry:

Pharmaceutical

Biological role:

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	-79 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	1000 mg/mL	Not Available
logP	1.17	HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	0.87	ALOGPS
logP	1.16	ChemAxon
logS	-0.24	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)	8.58	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	1	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	16.13 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	1	ChemAxon
Refractivity	49.66 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	18.59 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	2	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	Yes	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

EI-MS/GC-MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
EI-MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-001i-9400000000-47a036aa305825218fa2	2014-09-20	View Spectrum
GC-MS	Nicotine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-9500000000-f2d4835c504301f9410e	Spectrum
GC-MS	Nicotine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-01q9-7900000000-1e2c38b5e4e7aae10d37	Spectrum
GC-MS	Nicotine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-9800000000-fe889308f7088d47c31d	Spectrum
GC-MS	Nicotine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-001i-9500000000-f2d4835c504301f9410e	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Nicotine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	splash10-001i-4900000000-6d65165a4417a6129eeb	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Nicotine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum

MS/MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-00di-0900000000-3e7377f36ca2547f4885	2012-07-25	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-001i-2900000000-a505fff3a4028a6f0d52	2012-07-25	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-00lr-7900000000-b91a12a16d7688e8679d	2012-07-25	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positive	splash10-01q9-7900000000-10d401d7ffa1c2cdbd9f	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-03di-0900000000-440798524836a27b78b4	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-01q9-0900000000-926940dd7f4851dbd73b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-00lr-0900000000-6bccc06d40ab273cf972	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-0159-2900000000-f7512c405bb662e040a6	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-014i-7900000000-f1781566be5aee88f6ef	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-09e9b29571abf3a52e44	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-03di-0900000000-16cdb5f23105be4a892b	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-03di-0900000000-720fe01876c739a30be0	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-85a813588b57acf531fe	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-001i-0900000000-93a3dae1577f4f2dda53	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-001i-1900000000-cb6f8cec40dd9ed35d00	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QFT , positive	splash10-00lr-1900000000-1443b1cf22d2de281898	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-03di-0900000000-440798524836a27b78b4	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-01q9-0900000000-926940dd7f4851dbd73b	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , positive	splash10-00lr-0900000000-6bccc06d40ab273cf972	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-03di-0900000000-bf73c660c9fef052a3e2	2017-07-25	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-03di-1900000000-317ad58e8bc4c3092420	2017-07-25	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-053u-9400000000-ea4895202e26a55d8a9b	2017-07-25	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-ed813017157d07798ea2	2017-07-26	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-03di-1900000000-02ba66ba693d048f19ab	2017-07-26	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-0006-9400000000-442e757e1da476d883af	2017-07-26	View Spectrum

NMR

Type	Description	View
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, CDCl₃, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 15.09 MHz, CDCl₃, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)	Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/Pathwhiz	KEGG
Nicotine Action Pathway		Not Available
Nicotine Metabolism Pathway		Not Available

Protein Targets

Enzymes

Protein Name	Gene Name	Locus	Uniprot ID	Details
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B	MAOB	Xp11.23	P27338	details
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A	MAOA	Xp11.3	P21397	details

Transporters

Protein Name	Gene Name	Locus	Uniprot ID	Details
Solute carrier family 22 member 5	SLC22A5	5q31	O76082	details
Solute carrier family 22 member 4	SLC22A4	5q31.1	Q9H015	details
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	SLC22A1	6q26	O15245	details
Solute carrier family 22 member 2	SLC22A2	6q26	O15244	details
Solute carrier family 22 member 3	SLC22A3	6q25.3	O75751	details
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10	CHRNA10	11p15.5	Q9GZZ6	details
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9	CHRNA9	4p14	Q9UGM1	details
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2	CHRNA2	8p21	Q15822	details

Metal Bindings

Protein Name	Gene Name	Locus	Uniprot ID	Details
Cytochrome P450 3A4	CYP3A4	7q21.1	P08684	details
Cytochrome P450 2C9	CYP2C9	10q24	P11712	details
Cytochrome P450 2C19	CYP2C19	10q24	P33261	details
Cytochrome P450 2E1	CYP2E1	10q24.3-qter	P05181	details
Cytochrome P450 2D6	CYP2D6	22q13.1	P10635	details
Cytochrome P450 2B6	CYP2B6	19q13.2	P20813	details
Cytochrome P450 1A1	CYP1A1	15q24.1	P04798	details
Cytochrome P450 2A13	CYP2A13	19q13.2	Q16696	details
Cytochrome P450 1A2	CYP1A2	15q24.1	P05177	details
Cytochrome P450 2C8	CYP2C8	10q23.33	P10632	details
Cytochrome P450 2A6	CYP2A6	19q13.2	P11509	details

Receptors

Protein Name	Gene Name	Locus	Uniprot ID	Details
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10	CHRNA10	11p15.5	Q9GZZ6	details
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9	CHRNA9	4p14	Q9UGM1	details
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2	CHRNA2	8p21	Q15822	details

Transcriptional Factors

Not Available

Concentrations Data

Not Available

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0001934

DrugBank ID

DB00184

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FoodDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Nicotine

METLIN ID

1526

PubChem Compound

89594

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

17688

References

General References

Not Available

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 24 proteins in total.

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Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOB preferentially degrades benzylamine and phenylethylamine.
Gene Name:: MAOB
Uniprot ID:: P27338
Molecular weight:: 58762.475

Enzyme Details

2. Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. MAOA preferentially oxidizes biogenic amines such as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Gene Name:: MAOA
Uniprot ID:: P21397
Molecular weight:: 59681.27

Transporters

Enzyme Details

1. Solute carrier family 22 member 5

General function:: Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:: Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Also relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11.3
Gene Name:: SLC22A5
Uniprot ID:: O76082
Molecular weight:: 62751.1

Enzyme Details

2. Solute carrier family 22 member 4

General function:: Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:: Sodium-ion dependent, low affinity carnitine transporter. Probably transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 1.78. A key substrate of this transporter seems to be ergothioneine (ET)
Gene Name:: SLC22A4
Uniprot ID:: Q9H015
Molecular weight:: 62154.5

Enzyme Details

3. Solute carrier family 22 member 1

General function:: Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:: Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin- dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase
Gene Name:: SLC22A1
Uniprot ID:: O15245
Molecular weight:: 61187.4

Enzyme Details

4. Solute carrier family 22 member 2

General function:: Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:: Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin may develop a nephrotoxic action. Transport of creatinine is inhibited by fluoroquinolones such as DX-619 and LVFX. This transporter is a major determinant of the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin and may contribute to antitumor specificity
Gene Name:: SLC22A2
Uniprot ID:: O15244
Molecular weight:: 62564.0

Enzyme Details

5. Solute carrier family 22 member 3

General function:: Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:: Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain
Gene Name:: SLC22A3
Uniprot ID:: O75751
Molecular weight:: 61279.5

Enzyme Details

6. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10

General function:: Involved in extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific function:: Ionotropic receptor with a probable role in the modulation of auditory stimuli. Agonist binding may induce an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. The channel is permeable to a range of divalent cations including calcium, the influx of which may activate a potassium current which hyperpolarizes the cell membrane. In the ear, this may lead to a reduction in basilar membrane motion, altering the activity of auditory nerve fibers and reducing the range of dynamic hearing. This may protect against acoustic trauma
Gene Name:: CHRNA10
Uniprot ID:: Q9GZZ6
Molecular weight:: 49704.3

Enzyme Details

7. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9

General function:: Involved in extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific function:: Ionotropic receptor with a probable role in the modulation of auditory stimuli. Agonist binding may induce an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. The channel is permeable to a range of divalent cations including calcium, the influx of which may activate a potassium current which hyperpolarizes the cell membrane. In the ear, this may lead to a reduction in basilar membrane motion, altering the activity of auditory nerve fibers and reducing the range of dynamic hearing. This may protect against acoustic trauma. May also regulate keratinocyte adhesion
Gene Name:: CHRNA9
Uniprot ID:: Q9UGM1
Molecular weight:: 54806.6

Enzyme Details

8. Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2

General function:: Involved in extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity
Specific function:: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane
Gene Name:: CHRNA2
Uniprot ID:: Q15822
Molecular weight:: 59764.8

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 24 proteins in total.

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Showing Compound Card for Nicotine (CDB005499)

Structure for CDB005499 (Nicotine)

Enzymes

Transporters