Cannabis Compound Database: Showing Compound Card for Spermine (CDB004900)

Jump To Section:

Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Protein target Pathways Concentrations Links References enzymes (23)transporters (2) Show 33 proteins XML

Show more...Show more...Show more...Show more...Show more...

Record Information

Version

1.0

Created at

2020-04-17 18:48:29 UTC

Updated at

2022-12-13 23:36:25 UTC

CannabisDB ID

CDB004900

Secondary Accession Numbers

Not Available

Cannabis Compound Identification

Common Name

Spermine

Description

Spermine, also known as gerontine or musculamine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylamines. These are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen. Spermine is a drug which is used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance. Spermine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Spermine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. 5'-methylthioadenosine and spermine can be biosynthesized from S-adenosylmethioninamine and spermidine through the action of the enzyme spermine synthase. In humans, spermine is involved in spermidine and spermine biosynthesis. Outside of the human body, Spermine is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as milk (cow), oats, and white wines and in a lower concentration in red wines. Spermine has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as annual wild rices, fruits, breadfruits, saffrons, and kelps. This could make spermine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Spermine is a potentially toxic compound. Spermine is expected to be in Cannabis as all living plants are known to produce and metabolize it.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
4,9-Diaza-1,12-dodecanediamine	ChEBI
4,9-Diazadodecane-1,12-diamine	ChEBI
N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine	ChEBI
1,5,10,14-Tetraazatetradecane	HMDB
4,9-Diazadodecamethylenediamine	HMDB
Diaminopropyl-tetramethylenediamine	HMDB
Diaminopropyltetramethylenediamine	HMDB
Gerontine	HMDB
Musculamine	HMDB
N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-tetramethylenediamine	HMDB
N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)butane-1,4-diamine	HMDB
N1,N4-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-butanediamine	HMDB
Neuridine	HMDB
Spermin	HMDB
Spermine dihydrate	HMDB
Spermine puriss	HMDB
SPM	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₁₀H₂₆N₄

Average Molecular Weight

202.34

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

202.2157

IUPAC Name

(3-aminopropyl)({4-[(3-aminopropyl)amino]butyl})amine

Traditional Name

spermine

CAS Registry Number

71-44-3

SMILES

NCCCNCCCCNCCCN

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C10H26N4/c11-5-3-9-13-7-1-2-8-14-10-4-6-12/h13-14H,1-12H2

InChI Key

PFNFFQXMRSDOHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dialkylamines. These are organic compounds containing a dialkylamine group, characterized by two alkyl groups bonded to the amino nitrogen.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic nitrogen compounds

Class

Organonitrogen compounds

Sub Class

Amines

Direct Parent

Dialkylamines

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Secondary aliphatic amine
Organopnictogen compound
Hydrocarbon derivative
Primary amine
Primary aliphatic amine
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

tetraamine (CHEBI:15746 )
polyazaalkane (CHEBI:15746 )

Ontology

Dermal

Enteral:

Ingestion

Source:

Biological:

Animal

Antioxidant

Industrial application:

Pharmaceutical industry:

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	29 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	150.1 °C	Wikipedia
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
logP	0.0	Wikipedia

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-0.66	ALOGPS
logP	-1.5	ChemAxon
logS	-2	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)	10.8	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	4	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	4	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	76.1 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	11	ChemAxon
Refractivity	62.56 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	26.69 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

EI-MS/GC-MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
EI-MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-053u-9100000000-5a106273203d28e4a701	2014-09-20	View Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, x TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014u-1900000000-e9620319823eaecceccc	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, x TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00s6-3900000000-d7da5cd1c0be289412ee	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00r6-1900000000-861e0541e2eb67219b93	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, 5 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-7900000000-9706a16d903df3f9e094	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, 5 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-5900000000-eb1574dc4aea2972932b	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, 5 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00ei-8900000000-710d44c573ed398f7db9	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, 5 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00s6-3900000000-cb82c1371fa767015cff	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, 6 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00rf-1900000000-ca3a2df44acb740134cd	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, 6 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00y0-1900000000-7ba8e67861945901b381	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-014u-1900000000-e9620319823eaecceccc	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00s6-3900000000-d7da5cd1c0be289412ee	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00r6-1900000000-861e0541e2eb67219b93	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-7900000000-9706a16d903df3f9e094	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-5900000000-eb1574dc4aea2972932b	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00ei-8900000000-710d44c573ed398f7db9	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00s6-3900000000-cb82c1371fa767015cff	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00rf-1900000000-ca3a2df44acb740134cd	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00y0-1900000000-7ba8e67861945901b381	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-01bl-1900000000-5a4875c4cf337f0cff9c	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-000i-7900000000-4e66988ec8e890a03e13	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00rf-2900000000-9d5a63fbbd1662e5dc43	Spectrum
GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-01w1-4900000000-f7c07f1cee7101fc31d7	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	splash10-053r-9300000000-2ce22d19e72f10b80f34	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Spermine, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum

MS/MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-0w29-2940000000-a8b05c7cfaea58c5d82d	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-03di-1900000000-75ac3953e5378c465a62	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)	splash10-001i-9000000000-e3b84db5723912be8a4f	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0udi-0930000000-4bb02118dea11e2101f8	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-468357ae06dea8985d85	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-00b9-6900000000-cf244bbfdbb5b7889d7a	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-004i-0900000000-c5af077deeab934c36b7	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0udi-0940000000-098121f449eb29dd74be	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-0006-9000000000-167ef7503b0827eb212f	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-03di-0900000000-feb04e188e675948f795	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positive	splash10-004i-0900000000-93e15f4592fe9bbeb367	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positive	splash10-0udi-0090000000-c22e98adb3dc62b1eb77	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positive	splash10-01t9-0900000000-76aa5e4bf523c2027cba	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positive	splash10-03di-4900000000-b762c20d8a09a78cf931	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positive	splash10-001i-9300000000-0428cb6df2b593ded567	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positive	splash10-001i-9000000000-c319f927047d78e2b69b	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive	splash10-004i-0900000000-b4f106f6fe26766fbf73	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive	splash10-03di-0900000000-29d4a223bb44ded927b5	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT (LC/MSD Trap XCT, Agilent Technologies) , Positive	splash10-01q9-9500000000-d1b7e914e9ccee2d0f66	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positive	splash10-0udr-2970000000-268b93360fb5eaa19e49	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Positive	splash10-0a73-9810000000-ee919f22493191f56708	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Positive	splash10-0a4l-9200000000-f7cb18a7a6036554cb6b	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Negative	splash10-0udi-0090000000-ea2e2f233958fa61cd8b	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 20V, Negative	splash10-0udi-3390000000-0ade7d389047531a84ee	2015-05-27	View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 40V, Negative	splash10-05fu-9200000000-e760ec8b3259e54992ce	2015-05-27	View Spectrum

NMR

Type	Description	View
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)	Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/Pathwhiz	KEGG
Spermidine and Spermine Biosynthesis		Not Available

Protein Targets

Enzymes

Protein Name	Gene Name	Locus	Uniprot ID	Details
Diamine acetyltransferase 2	SAT2	17p13.1	Q96F10	details
Diamine acetyltransferase 1	SAT1	Xp22.1	P21673	details
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase	XDH	2p23.1	P47989	details
Choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	CHDH	3p21.1	Q8NE62	details
Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	DMGDH	5q14.1	Q9UI17	details
Spermine synthase	SMS	Xp22.1	P52788	details
Spermidine synthase	SRM	1p36-p22	P19623	details
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase	ALDH9A1	1q23.1	P49189	details
Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase	BBOX1	11p14.2	O75936	details
Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing]	ABP1	7q36.1	P19801	details
S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase	MTAP	9p21	Q13126	details
S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme	AMD1	6q21	P17707	details
Glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial	GATM	15q21.1	P50440	details
Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1	BHMT	5q14.1	Q93088	details
Sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial	SARDH	9q33-q34	Q9UL12	details
Histidine decarboxylase	HDC	15q21-q22	P19113	details
Ornithine decarboxylase	ODC1	2p25	P11926	details
Spermine oxidase	SMOX	20p13	Q9NWM0	details
Agmatinase, mitochondrial	AGMAT	1p36.21	Q9BSE5	details
Trimethyllysine dioxygenase, mitochondrial	TMLHE	Xq28	Q9NVH6	details
S-methylmethionine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase BHMT2	BHMT2	5q13	Q9H2M3	details
Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase regulatory subunit, mitochondrial	PDPR	16q22.1	Q8NCN5	details
Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1	OAZ1	19p13.3	P54368	details

Transporters

Protein Name	Gene Name	Locus	Uniprot ID	Details
Solute carrier family 22 member 4	SLC22A4	5q31.1	Q9H015	details
Solute carrier family 22 member 1	SLC22A1	6q26	O15245	details

Metal Bindings

Protein Name	Gene Name	Locus	Uniprot ID	Details
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase	XDH	2p23.1	P47989	details
Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase	BBOX1	11p14.2	O75936	details
Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing]	ABP1	7q36.1	P19801	details
Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1	BHMT	5q14.1	Q93088	details
Agmatinase, mitochondrial	AGMAT	1p36.21	Q9BSE5	details
Trimethyllysine dioxygenase, mitochondrial	TMLHE	Xq28	Q9NVH6	details
S-methylmethionine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase BHMT2	BHMT2	5q13	Q9H2M3	details

Receptors

Protein Name	Gene Name	Locus	Uniprot ID	Details
Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing]	ABP1	7q36.1	P19801	details

Transcriptional Factors

Not Available

Concentrations Data

Cannabis Cultivar	Status	Value	Reference	Details
Alien Dawg	Detected and Quantified	0.000947 mg/g dry wt	David S. Wishart,...	details
Gabriola	Detected and Quantified	0.000308 mg/g dry wt	David S. Wishart,...	details
Island Honey	Detected and Quantified	0.00153 mg/g dry wt	David S. Wishart,...	details
Quadra	Detected and Quantified	0.000222 mg/g dry wt	David S. Wishart,...	details
Sensi Star	Detected and Quantified	0.000953 mg/g dry wt	David S. Wishart,...	details
Tangerine Dream	Detected and Quantified	0.000773 mg/g dry wt	David S. Wishart,...	details

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0001256

DrugBank ID

DB00127

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FoodDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

METLIN ID

PubChem Compound

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

15746

References

General References

Not Available

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 33 proteins in total.

Show All

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Diamine acetyltransferase 2

General function:: Involved in N-acetyltransferase activity
Specific function:: Enzyme which catalyzes the acetylation of polyamines. Substrate specificity: norspermidine > spermidine = spermine >> N(1)acetylspermine = putrescine.
Gene Name:: SAT2
Uniprot ID:: Q96F10
Molecular weight:: 19154.905

Enzyme Details

2. Diamine acetyltransferase 1

General function:: Involved in N-acetyltransferase activity
Specific function:: Enzyme which catalyzes the acetylation of polyamines. Substrate specificity: norspermidine = spermidine >> spermine > N(1)-acetylspermine > putrescine. This highly regulated enzyme allows a fine attenuation of the intracellular concentration of polyamines. Also involved in the regulation of polyamine transport out of cells. Acts on 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,5-diaminopentane, putrescine, spermidine (forming N(1)- and N(8)-acetylspermidine), spermine, N(1)-acetylspermidine and N(8)-acetylspermidine.
Gene Name:: SAT1
Uniprot ID:: P21673
Molecular weight:: 20023.8

Enzyme Details

3. Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Has also low oxidase activity towards aldehydes (in vitro).
Gene Name:: XDH
Uniprot ID:: P47989
Molecular weight:: 146422.99

Enzyme Details

4. Choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: CHDH
Uniprot ID:: Q8NE62
Molecular weight:: 65358.005

Enzyme Details

5. Dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Not Available
Gene Name:: DMGDH
Uniprot ID:: Q9UI17
Molecular weight:: 96810.135

Enzyme Details

6. Spermine synthase

General function:: Involved in spermine synthase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the production of spermine from spermidine and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM).
Gene Name:: SMS
Uniprot ID:: P52788
Molecular weight:: 35278.2

Enzyme Details

7. Spermidine synthase

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the production of spermidine from putrescine and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM). Has a strong preference for putrescine as substrate, and has very low activity towards 1,3-diaminopropane. Has extremely low activity towards spermidine.
Gene Name:: SRM
Uniprot ID:: P19623
Molecular weight:: 33824.455

Enzyme Details

8. 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:: Converts gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde into gamma-butyrobetaine. Catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of a broad range of aldehydes to the corresponding acids in an NAD-dependent reaction.
Gene Name:: ALDH9A1
Uniprot ID:: P49189
Molecular weight:: 56291.485

Enzyme Details

9. Gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase

General function:: Involved in iron ion binding
Specific function:: Catalyzes the formation of L-carnitine from gamma-butyrobetaine.
Gene Name:: BBOX1
Uniprot ID:: O75936
Molecular weight:: 44714.6

Enzyme Details

10. Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing]

General function:: Involved in copper ion binding
Specific function:: Catalyzes the degradation of compounds such as putrescine, histamine, spermine, and spermidine, substances involved in allergic and immune responses, cell proliferation, tissue differentiation, tumor formation, and possibly apoptosis. Placental DAO is thought to play a role in the regulation of the female reproductive function.
Gene Name:: ABP1
Uniprot ID:: P19801
Molecular weight:: 85377.1

Transporters

Enzyme Details

1. Solute carrier family 22 member 4

General function:: Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:: Sodium-ion dependent, low affinity carnitine transporter. Probably transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 1.78. A key substrate of this transporter seems to be ergothioneine (ET)
Gene Name:: SLC22A4
Uniprot ID:: Q9H015
Molecular weight:: 62154.5

Enzyme Details

2. Solute carrier family 22 member 1

General function:: Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:: Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin- dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase
Gene Name:: SLC22A1
Uniprot ID:: O15245
Molecular weight:: 61187.4

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 33 proteins in total.

Show All

Showing Compound Card for Spermine (CDB004900)

Structure for CDB004900 (Spermine)

Enzymes

Transporters