Record Information
Version1.0
Created at2020-03-18 23:24:57 UTC
Updated at2022-12-13 23:36:22 UTC
CannabisDB IDCDB000105
Secondary Accession NumbersNot Available
Cannabis Compound Identification
Common NameProline
DescriptionProline or L-proline abbreviated Pro or is one of the twenty amino acids used in living organisms as the building blocks of proteins. Proline is sometimes called an imino acid, although the IUPAC definition of an imine requires a carbon-nitrogen double bond. Proline is a non-essential amino acid that is largely synthesized from glutamic acid. While proline biosynthetic pathways exist from eubacteria to eukaryotes, in the most prevalent pathway, proline is cyclized from glutamate. First glutamate is phosphorylated to gamma-glutamyl phosphate by gamma-glutamyl kinase, then second, reduced to gamma-glutamyl semialdehyde by gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase, then third, cyclized spontaneously to delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate and fourth, reduced to proline by delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase. In higher plants and animals, the first two steps are catalysed by a bi-functional delta(1) -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase. Alternative pathways of proline formation use the initial steps of the arginine biosynthetic pathway to ornithine, which can be converted to delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate by ornithine aminotransferase and then reduced to proline or converted directly to proline by ornithine cyclodeaminase (PMID: 25367752 ). Proline is an essential component of collagen and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons. L-proline has acted as a weak agonist of the glycine receptor and of both NMDA and non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors (PMID:1349155 ). It is a potential endogenous excitotoxin/neurotoxin, which causes damage to nerve cells and nerve tissues. Proline, when injected into the brains of rats, non-selectively destroyed pyramidal and granule cells (PMID: 3409032 ) suggesting that it can act as a neurotoxin. Proline can also be a metabotoxin which is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. At least five inborn errors of metabolism, including hyperprolinemia type I, hyperprolinemia type II, iminoglycinuria, prolinemia type II, and pyruvate carboxylase deficiency are associated with chronically high levels of proline (PMID: 18806117 ). While most people with hyperprolinemia type I often do not show any symptoms despite proline blood levels being between 3 and 10 times the normal level, some individuals have seizures, intellectual disability, or other neurological or psychiatric problems. Hyperprolinemia type II patients have proline blood levels between 10 and 15 times higher than normal, and high levels of a related compound called pyrroline-5-carboxylate. While Hyperprolinemia type II patients have signs and symptoms that vary in severity, they are more likely than type I patients to have seizures or intellectual disability. Hyperprolinemia I and II are caused by deficiencies in the enzymatic activities of proline dehydrogenase and Delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, respectively. Proline is also found in Cannabis plants (PMID: 6991645 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(-)-(S)-ProlineChEBI
(-)-2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acidChEBI
(-)-ProlineChEBI
(2S)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acidChEBI
(S)-2-CarboxypyrrolidineChEBI
(S)-2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acidChEBI
(S)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acidChEBI
2-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acidChEBI
L-(-)-ProlineChEBI
L-alpha-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acidChEBI
L-ProlinChEBI
L-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acidChEBI
PChEBI
ProlinaChEBI
PROLINEChEBI
ProlinumChEBI
(-)-2-PyrrolidinecarboxylateGenerator
(2S)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylateGenerator
(S)-2-PyrrolidinecarboxylateGenerator
(S)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylateGenerator
2-PyrrolidinecarboxylateGenerator
L-a-PyrrolidinecarboxylateGenerator
L-a-Pyrrolidinecarboxylic acidGenerator
L-alpha-PyrrolidinecarboxylateGenerator
L-Α-pyrrolidinecarboxylateGenerator
L-Α-pyrrolidinecarboxylic acidGenerator
L-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylateGenerator
(S)-(-)-ProlineHMDB
(S)-(-)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylateHMDB
(S)-(-)-Pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acidHMDB
(S)-2-PyrralidinecarboxylateHMDB
(S)-2-Pyrralidinecarboxylic acidHMDB
(S)-ProlineHMDB
L ProlineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC5H9NO2
Average Molecular Weight115.13
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight115.0633
IUPAC Name(2S)-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
Traditional NameL-proline
CAS Registry Number147-85-3
SMILES
OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H9NO2/c7-5(8)4-2-1-3-6-4/h4,6H,1-3H2,(H,7,8)/t4-/m0/s1
InChI KeyONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as proline and derivatives. Proline and derivatives are compounds containing proline or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of proline at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentProline and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Proline or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid
  • Pyrrolidine carboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Pyrrolidine
  • Amino acid
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Secondary amine
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effect

Health effect:

Disposition

Route of exposure:

Source:

Biological location:

Role

Indirect biological role:

Environmental role:

Industrial application:

Biological role:

Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point221 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility162 mg/mLNot Available
logP-2.54HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-2.7ALOGPS
logP-2.6ChemAxon
logS0.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)1.94ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)11.33ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area49.33 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity28.06 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability11.5 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Spectra
EI-MS/GC-MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
GC-MSProline, 2 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-0910000000-a9127c0e370afb80259bSpectrum
GC-MSProline, 2 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-000f-0910000000-3195f21e625520d51316Spectrum
GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-0900000000-119af746c347969e8ae7Spectrum
GC-MSProline, 2 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-006x-8900000000-b31beabb1ed6235e7145Spectrum
GC-MSProline, 1 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9100000000-c1c67bc521741ee891cbSpectrum
GC-MSProline, 2 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-1900000000-84e6fb318323fd0261b1Spectrum
GC-MSProline, 1 TMS, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00xs-8910000000-74b0c34ca5fd7c85f1d9Spectrum
GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00fu-9000000000-716c3d01b301162863b6Spectrum
GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-0900000000-0d7354201ed866c87b13Spectrum
GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-0910000000-a9127c0e370afb80259bSpectrum
GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-000f-0910000000-3195f21e625520d51316Spectrum
GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-0900000000-119af746c347969e8ae7Spectrum
GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-001i-1920000000-09006ee4e7a137d8a45aSpectrum
GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-006x-8900000000-b31beabb1ed6235e7145Spectrum
GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-0006-1900000000-84e6fb318323fd0261b1Spectrum
GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00xs-8910000000-74b0c34ca5fd7c85f1d9Spectrum
GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrumsplash10-00di-9100000000-c1c67bc521741ee891cbSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00fu-9000000000-d203e3dfb0701403a75bSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSProline, 1 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-56471980a375d26046caSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSProline, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSProline, TMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSProline, TBDMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
Predicted GC-MSProline, TBDMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, PositiveNot AvailableSpectrum
MS/MS
TypeDescriptionSplash KeyView
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00xr-9600000000-ba51a901e786b1a4663e2012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00di-9000000000-f72e2f3812225708fc562012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive (Annotated)splash10-00di-9000000000-59887da6580f63bcc1c52012-07-24View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - EI-B (HITACHI M-80) , Positivesplash10-00fu-9000000000-c69dcaf7cb2d1e9d285e2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-0930000000-984f9a23ebfe28f950172012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-9000000000-f75575cac28a54aa923d2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-221cfb8c82f3df76eb512012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-0900000000-e5741fd9870218d57caf2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-0900000000-6bc9b4e775be37fa18d92012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-9000000000-a8eb419b26655a6a1dab2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-873ee03b61d1ffcae70f2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Positivesplash10-014i-0900000000-61d583960651669fb9e62012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negativesplash10-03di-0900000000-2c23774af5f6a0c217d52012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negativesplash10-03di-0900000000-d89c1e626ef24a79c89f2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negativesplash10-03di-1900000000-fc27094f2eb75e65b4382012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Positivesplash10-014i-1900000000-3221c23504b8847abf8d2012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Positivesplash10-00di-9100000000-8169367f5127c57fae122012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-f704eb8402fcacfccd182012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-ccd74eea36efab2cbab82012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-9f214692cd39a65818132012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - CE-ESI-TOF (CE-system connected to 6210 Time-of-Flight MS, Agilent) , Positivesplash10-014i-0900000000-ef038c77922e4c89eeb02012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Positivesplash10-00di-9400000000-4073ea1df57a60b36d692012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Positivesplash10-00di-9000000000-495fdbd2f565bd7946322012-08-31View Spectrum
MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negativesplash10-03di-0900000000-e1d0a4b20419dc7bae922012-08-31View Spectrum
Predicted MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 10V, Positivesplash10-014i-6900000000-eba8ceb2a71d2726acd02016-09-12View Spectrum
NMR
TypeDescriptionView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, experimental)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 1H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Spectrum
Pathways
Pathways
Protein Targets
Enzymes
Protein NameGene NameLocusUniprot IDDetails
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2P4HA25q31O15460 details
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1, mitochondrialPYCR117q25.3P32322 details
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1P4HA110q21.3-q23.1P13674 details
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2PYCR21q42.12Q96C36 details
Bifunctional glutamate/proline--tRNA ligaseEPRS1q41P07814 details
Cytosol aminopeptidaseLAP3P28838 details
Proline dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrialPRODH22q11.21O43272 details
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 3PYCRL8q24.3Q53H96 details
Proline synthase co-transcribed bacterial homolog proteinPROSC8p11.2O94903 details
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductaseP5CR2Q4W8W1 details
Probable proline dehydrogenase 2PRODH219q13.1Q9UF12 details
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1LEPRE11p34.1Q32P28 details
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2LEPREL13q28Q8IVL5 details
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3LEPREL212q13Q8IVL6 details
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-3P4HA311q13.4Q7Z4N8 details
Egl nine homolog 1EGLN11q42.1Q9GZT9 details
Egl nine homolog 2EGLN219q13.2Q96KS0 details
Egl nine homolog 3EGLN314q13.1Q9H6Z9 details
Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylaseP4HTM3p21.3Q9NXG6 details
Trans-L-3-hydroxyproline dehydrataseL3HYPDH14q23.1Q96EM0 details
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrialPPIF10q22-q23P30405 details
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase APPIA7p13P62937 details
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase BPPIB15q21-q22P23284 details
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase GPPIG2q31.1Q13427 details
Probable proline--tRNA ligase, mitochondrialPARS21p32.2Q7L3T8 details
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase HPPIH1p34.1O43447 details
Transporters
Protein NameGene NameLocusUniprot IDDetails
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1GRIN19q34.3Q05586 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3BGRIN3B19p13.3O60391 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1GRIN2A16p13.2Q12879 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3GRIN2C17q25Q14957 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2GRIN2B12p12Q13224 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4GRIN2D19q13.1-qterO15399 details
Sodium-dependent proline transporterSLC6A75q32Q99884 details
Sodium- and chloride-dependent neutral and basic amino acid transporter B(0+)SLC6A14Q9UN76 details
Monocarboxylate transporter 10SLC16A106q21-q22Q8TF71 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3AGRIN3A9q31.1Q8TCU5 details
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1TRPM115q13.3Q7Z4N2 details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1GLRA15q32P23415 details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2GLRA2P23416 details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3GLRA34q33-q34O75311 details
Glycine receptor subunit betaGLRB4q31.3P48167 details
Metal Bindings
Protein NameGene NameLocusUniprot IDDetails
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-2P4HA25q31O15460 details
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-1P4HA110q21.3-q23.1P13674 details
Cytosol aminopeptidaseLAP3P28838 details
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 1LEPRE11p34.1Q32P28 details
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 2LEPREL13q28Q8IVL5 details
Prolyl 3-hydroxylase 3LEPREL212q13Q8IVL6 details
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-3P4HA311q13.4Q7Z4N8 details
Egl nine homolog 1EGLN11q42.1Q9GZT9 details
Egl nine homolog 2EGLN219q13.2Q96KS0 details
Egl nine homolog 3EGLN314q13.1Q9H6Z9 details
Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylaseP4HTM3p21.3Q9NXG6 details
Receptors
Protein NameGene NameLocusUniprot IDDetails
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit zeta-1GRIN19q34.3Q05586 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3BGRIN3B19p13.3O60391 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-1GRIN2A16p13.2Q12879 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3GRIN2C17q25Q14957 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-2GRIN2B12p12Q13224 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4GRIN2D19q13.1-qterO15399 details
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3AGRIN3A9q31.1Q8TCU5 details
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1TRPM115q13.3Q7Z4N2 details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1GLRA15q32P23415 details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2GLRA2P23416 details
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3GLRA34q33-q34O75311 details
Glycine receptor subunit betaGLRB4q31.3P48167 details
Egl nine homolog 2EGLN219q13.2Q96KS0 details
Transcriptional Factors
Protein NameGene NameLocusUniprot IDDetails
Egl nine homolog 1EGLN11q42.1Q9GZT9 details
Egl nine homolog 2EGLN219q13.2Q96KS0 details
Egl nine homolog 3EGLN314q13.1Q9H6Z9 details
Concentrations Data
Cannabis CultivarStatusValueReferenceDetails
Alien DawgDetected and Quantified1.125 mg/g dry wt
    • David S. Wishart,...
details
GabriolaDetected and Quantified0.345 mg/g dry wt
    • David S. Wishart,...
details
Island HoneyDetected and Quantified2.725 mg/g dry wt
    • David S. Wishart,...
details
QuadraDetected and Quantified0.316 mg/g dry wt
    • David S. Wishart,...
details
Sensi StarDetected and Quantified0.604 mg/g dry wt
    • David S. Wishart,...
details
Tangerine DreamDetected and Quantified1.037 mg/g dry wt
    • David S. Wishart,...
details
HMDB IDHMDB0000162
DrugBank IDDB00172
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB000570
KNApSAcK IDC00001388
Chemspider ID128566
KEGG Compound IDC00148
BioCyc IDPRO
BiGG ID34042
Wikipedia LinkL-proline
METLIN ID29
PubChem Compound145742
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17203
References
General References
  1. Turner CE, Elsohly MA, Boeren EG: Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XVII. A review of the natural constituents. J Nat Prod. 1980 Mar-Apr;43(2):169-234. doi: 10.1021/np50008a001. [PubMed:6991645 ]
  2. Henzi V, Reichling DB, Helm SW, MacDermott AB: L-proline activates glutamate and glycine receptors in cultured rat dorsal horn neurons. Mol Pharmacol. 1992 Apr;41(4):793-801. [PubMed:1349155 ]
  3. Fichman Y, Gerdes SY, Kovacs H, Szabados L, Zilberstein A, Csonka LN: Evolution of proline biosynthesis: enzymology, bioinformatics, genetics, and transcriptional regulation. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2015 Nov;90(4):1065-99. doi: 10.1111/brv.12146. Epub 2014 Nov 4. [PubMed:25367752 ]
  4. Nadler JV, Wang A, Hakim A: Toxicity of L-proline toward rat hippocampal neurons. Brain Res. 1988 Jul 19;456(1):168-72. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)90358-7. [PubMed:3409032 ]
  5. Mitsubuchi H, Nakamura K, Matsumoto S, Endo F: Inborn errors of proline metabolism. J Nutr. 2008 Oct;138(10):2016S-2020S. doi: 10.1093/jn/138.10.2016S. [PubMed:18806117 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 68 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins.
Gene Name:
P4HA2
Uniprot ID:
O15460
Molecular weight:
60632.19
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the last step in proline biosynthesis. Can utilize both NAD and NADP, but has higher affinity for NAD. Involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress.
Gene Name:
PYCR1
Uniprot ID:
P32322
Molecular weight:
33360.27
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the post-translational formation of 4-hydroxyproline in -Xaa-Pro-Gly- sequences in collagens and other proteins.
Gene Name:
P4HA1
Uniprot ID:
P13674
Molecular weight:
60966.645
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Housekeeping enzyme that catalyzes the last step in proline biosynthesis. In some cell types, such as erythrocytes, its primary function may be the generation of NADP(+). Can utilize both NAD and NADP. Has higher affinity for NADP, but higher catalytic efficiency with NADH.
Gene Name:
PYCR2
Uniprot ID:
Q96C36
Molecular weight:
25867.975
General function:
Involved in nucleotide binding
Specific function:
Catalyzes the attachment of the cognate amino acid to the corresponding tRNA in a two-step reaction: the amino acid is first activated by ATP to form a covalent intermediate with AMP and is then transferred to the acceptor end of the cognate tRNA. Component of the GAIT (gamma interferon-activated inhibitor of translation) complex which mediates interferon-gamma-induced transcript-selective translation inhibition in inflammation processes. Upon interferon-gamma activation and subsequent phosphorylation dissociates from the multisynthetase complex and assembles into the GAIT complex which binds to stem loop-containing GAIT elements in the 3'-UTR of diverse inflammatory mRNAs (such as ceruplasmin) and suppresses their translation.
Gene Name:
EPRS
Uniprot ID:
P07814
Molecular weight:
170589.705
General function:
Involved in aminopeptidase activity
Specific function:
Presumably involved in the processing and regular turnover of intracellular proteins. Catalyzes the removal of unsubstituted N-terminal amino acids from various peptides.
Gene Name:
LAP3
Uniprot ID:
P28838
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in proline dehydrogenase activity
Specific function:
Converts proline to delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate.
Gene Name:
PRODH
Uniprot ID:
O43272
Molecular weight:
56196.675
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
PYCRL
Uniprot ID:
Q53H96
Molecular weight:
29892.415
General function:
Not Available
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
PROSC
Uniprot ID:
O94903
Molecular weight:
30343.7
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
L-proline + NAD(P)(+) = 1-pyrroline-5- carboxylate + NAD(P)H
Gene Name:
P5CR2
Uniprot ID:
Q4W8W1
Molecular weight:
33726.4

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. This protein plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, excitotoxicity, memory acquisition and learning. It mediates neuronal functions in glutamate neurotransmission. Is involved in the cell surface targeting of NMDA receptors
Gene Name:
GRIN1
Uniprot ID:
Q05586
Molecular weight:
105371.9
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine
Gene Name:
GRIN3B
Uniprot ID:
O60391
Molecular weight:
112991.0
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels possesses high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Activation requires binding of agonist to both types of subunits
Gene Name:
GRIN2A
Uniprot ID:
Q12879
Molecular weight:
165281.2
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine
Gene Name:
GRIN2C
Uniprot ID:
Q14957
Molecular weight:
134531.1
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine
Gene Name:
GRIN2B
Uniprot ID:
Q13224
Molecular weight:
166365.9
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine
Gene Name:
GRIN2D
Uniprot ID:
O15399
Molecular weight:
143750.7
General function:
Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
Terminates the action of proline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name:
SLC6A7
Uniprot ID:
Q99884
Molecular weight:
70909.935
General function:
Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates the uptake of a broad range of neutral and cationic amino acids (with the exception of proline) in a Na(+)/Cl(-)-dependent manner
Gene Name:
SLC6A14
Uniprot ID:
Q9UN76
Molecular weight:
72152.1
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Sodium-independent transporter that mediates the update of aromatic acid. Can function as a net efflux pathway for aromatic amino acids in the basosolateral epithelial cells
Gene Name:
SLC16A10
Uniprot ID:
Q8TF71
Molecular weight:
55492.1
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. May play a role in the development of dendritic spines. May play a role in PPP2CB-NMDAR mediated signaling mechanism
Gene Name:
GRIN3A
Uniprot ID:
Q8TCU5
Molecular weight:
125464.1

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 68 proteins in total.