Cannabis Compound Database: Showing Compound Card for Citric acid (CDB006159)

Jump To Section:

Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Protein target Pathways Concentrations Links References enzymes (7) Show 10 proteins XML

Record Information

Version

1.0

Created at

2020-03-18 23:22:03 UTC

Updated at

2022-12-13 23:36:28 UTC

CannabisDB ID

CDB006159

Secondary Accession Numbers

Not Available

Cannabis Compound Identification

Common Name

Citric acid

Description

Citric acid (citrate) is a weak tricarboxylic acid that is formed in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In humans citric acid is produced endogenously or it may be introduced with diet, with citrus fruits being a key source. Citrate is produced by all aerobic organisms, from microbes to humans. Citrate is formed in the TCA cycle via the enzyme known as citrate synthase, which catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl CoA to form citrate. Citrate then acts as the substrate for aconitase and is converted into aconitic acid. Some bacteria (notably E. coli) can produce and consume citrate internally as part of their TCA cycle, but are unable to use it as food because they lack the enzymes required to import it into the cell. Citrate has a number of biological roles in humans. In particular, it can be transported out of the mitochondria and into the cytoplasm, then broken down into acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis. Citrate can also acts as a signalling molecule. High concentrations of cytosolic citrate can inhibit phosphofructokinase, the catalyst of a rate-limiting step of glycolysis. Inhibition of glycolysis has been shown to suppress tumor growth in a number of animal models ( PMID: 28674429 ). Citrate is also a vital component of bone, helping to regulate the size of apatite crystals. Urinary citrate levels can be used to identify a number of disorders. Indeed urinary citrate excretion is a common tool in the differential diagnosis of kidney stones, renal tubular acidosis and it plays also a role in characterizing bone diseases such as osteoporosis (PMID 12957820 ). The secretory epithelial cells of the prostate gland of humans and other animals possess a unique citrate-related metabolic pathway regulated by testosterone and prolactin. This specialized hormone-regulated metabolic activity is responsible for the major prostate function of the production and secretion of extraordinarily high levels of citrate. The key regulatory enzymes directly associated with citrate production in the prostate cells are mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial aconitase. Testosterone and prolactin are involved in the regulation of the corresponding genes associated with these enzymes (PMID 12198595 ). In addition to its biological roles and endogenous production, citrate is obtained from many other sources and used in many applications. Citric acid is found in citrus fruits, most concentrated in lemons and limes, where it can comprise as much as 8% of the dry weight of the fruit. The concentrations of citric acid in citrus fruits range from 5 mM for oranges and grapefruits to 300 mM in lemons and limes. However, these values vary within species depending upon the cultivar and the circumstances in which the fruit was grown. Citric acid is a natural preservative and is also used to add an acidic (sour) taste to foods and soft drinks. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It can be used to treat water, which makes it useful in improving the effectiveness of soaps and laundry detergents. Citric acid is also used as an acidulant in creams, gels, and liquids. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability. Intolerance to citric acid in the diet is known to exist. Altered levels of citric acid have been found to be associated with maple syrup urine disease, primary hypomagnesemia, propionic acidemia, and tyrosinemia I, which are inborn errors of metabolism.

Structure

MOL SDF PDB SMILES InChI

Synonyms

Value	Source
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid	ChEBI
2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid	ChEBI
3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentane-1,5-dioic acid	ChEBI
Citronensaeure	ChEBI
e330	ChEBI
H3Cit	ChEBI
Anhydrous citric acid	Kegg
Citric acid anhydrous	Kegg
2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylate	Generator
2-Hydroxytricarballylate	Generator
3-Carboxy-3-hydroxypentane-1,5-dioate	Generator
Anhydrous citrate	Generator
Citrate anhydrous	Generator
Citrate	Generator
Aciletten	HMDB
beta-Hydroxytricarballylate	HMDB
beta-Hydroxytricarballylic acid	HMDB
Chemfill	HMDB
Citraclean	HMDB
Citretten	HMDB
Citro	HMDB
e 330	HMDB
Hydrocerol a	HMDB
Kyselina citronova	HMDB
Suby g	HMDB
Uro-trainer	HMDB
Acid monohydrate, citric	HMDB
Monohydrate, citric acid	HMDB
Citric acid, anhydrous	HMDB
Citric acid monohydrate	HMDB
Uralyt u	HMDB

Chemical Formula

C₆H₈O₇

Average Molecular Weight

192.12

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

192.027

IUPAC Name

2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

Traditional Name

citric acid

CAS Registry Number

77-92-9

SMILES

OC(=O)CC(O)(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/C6H8O7/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)

InChI Key

KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tricarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are carboxylic acids containing exactly three carboxyl groups.

Kingdom

Organic compounds

Super Class

Organic acids and derivatives

Class

Carboxylic acids and derivatives

Sub Class

Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives

Direct Parent

Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives

Alternative Parents

Substituents

Tricarboxylic acid or derivatives
Hydroxy acid
Alpha-hydroxy acid
Tertiary alcohol
Carboxylic acid
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Alcohol
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Molecular Framework

Aliphatic acyclic compounds

External Descriptors

tricarboxylic acid (CHEBI:30769 )

Ontology

Lung cancer

Disposition

Route of exposure:

Enteral:

Ingestion

Source:

Synthetic:

Personal care product

Biological:

Animal

Plant:

Biological location:

Tissue and substructures:

Organ and components:

Prostate

Biofluid and excreta:

Subcellular:

Cell and elements:

Extracellular

Role

Industrial application:

Food and nutrition:

Flavoring agent

Household products:

Antimicrobial agent

Pharmaceutical industry:

Pharmaceutical

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	153 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	310 °C	Wikipedia
Water Solubility	592 mg/mL	Not Available
logP	-1.64	AVDEEF,A (1997)

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-1.3	ALOGPS
logP	-1.3	ChemAxon
logS	-0.26	ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.05	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)	-4.2	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	-3	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	7	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	4	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	132.13 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	5	ChemAxon
Refractivity	35.62 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	15.54 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	No	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Spectra

EI-MS/GC-MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
EI-MS	Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)	splash10-002f-9400000000-fb757b614278bb898b54	2014-09-20	View Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, 4 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0941000000-c310fda0e6a19bf6ae40	Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, 4 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0941000000-f1dfda3e9abc7cfb6b2a	Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, 4 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-006t-0952000000-ba3a1a80815f65afd05c	Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0951000000-48857e9baebe16d9fc8d	Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, 4 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9531000000-b6fd7d038634694f0873	Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, 4 TMS, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-0593000000-b193bbba8c0cefdfe42a	Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0941000000-c310fda0e6a19bf6ae40	Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0941000000-f1dfda3e9abc7cfb6b2a	Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-006t-0952000000-ba3a1a80815f65afd05c	Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0951000000-48857e9baebe16d9fc8d	Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-9531000000-b6fd7d038634694f0873	Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-00di-0593000000-b193bbba8c0cefdfe42a	Spectrum
GC-MS	Citric acid, non-derivatized, GC-MS Spectrum	splash10-0002-0941000000-573230e47a4efb1e36a5	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Citric acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	splash10-002k-6900000000-d1a61a52f6efdec3101a	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Citric acid, 4 TMS, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	splash10-02ib-6019300000-6d5ebea10441c6d4149a	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Citric acid, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Citric acid, TMS_1_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Citric acid, TMS_1_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Citric acid, TMS_1_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Citric acid, TMS_2_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Citric acid, TMS_2_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Citric acid, TMS_2_3, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Citric acid, TMS_2_4, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Citric acid, TMS_3_1, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum
Predicted GC-MS	Citric acid, TMS_3_2, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive	Not Available	Spectrum

MS/MS

Type	Description	Splash Key	View
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 10V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-03di-2900000000-956001b034bbc0b7da96	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 25V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-000l-9100000000-55e34e2c1616942fd4f2	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Quattro_QQQ 40V, Negative (Annotated)	splash10-000f-9000000000-7b8be3e90a4daf85f04a	2012-07-24	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0006-0911200000-af80d22f720facc4813a	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-014i-9000000000-6f4fedbb19821898fb22	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-8eff68ab89f7ce2262be	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0fsi-0019300000-b370c4c3dd656c8eb729	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-0006-0912100000-05e8ceb6dd97f7b9af98	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-014i-9000000000-e4b67745443c48a63bd6	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-92536abec982e0a653a0	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT (LTQ Orbitrap XL, Thermo Scientfic) , Negative	splash10-03di-0190000000-35772df08490f451d828	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10V, Negative	splash10-0006-0900000000-35856cc258368d13e1ff	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20V, Negative	splash10-03di-3900000000-7170fdcb9749e6d6c2fb	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30V, Negative	splash10-01p9-9500000000-9a502981b0a9e1ea35ad	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40V, Negative	splash10-000i-9100000000-ed0c86b90e1f4966d025	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50V, Negative	splash10-0a4r-9000000000-b8a975c2d639d8c91afb	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative	splash10-03di-2900000000-30970a4250098e148658	2012-08-31	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0006-0900000000-a587dddf188152c5d7b0	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-03di-3900000000-7170fdcb9749e6d6c2fb	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-01p9-9500000000-9a502981b0a9e1ea35ad	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-000i-9100000000-42a125e9128ce21bd785	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-QQ , negative	splash10-0a4r-9000000000-b8a975c2d639d8c91afb	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-IT , negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-32af4c1bf55ea1563e53	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	splash10-014i-9000000000-6f4fedbb19821898fb22	2017-09-14	View Spectrum
MS/MS	LC-MS/MS Spectrum - LC-ESI-ITFT , negative	splash10-03di-0900000000-8eff68ab89f7ce2262be	2017-09-14	View Spectrum

NMR

Type	Description	View
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 125 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, DMSO-d6, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 22.53 MHz, DMSO-d6, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, D₂O, experimental)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
1D NMR	¹³C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D₂O, predicted)	Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹H]-TOCSY. Unexported temporarily by An Chi on Oct 15, 2021 until json or nmrML file is generated. 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)	Spectrum
2D NMR	[¹H, ¹³C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H₂O, experimental)	Spectrum

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/Pathwhiz	KEGG
Citric Acid Cycle
Transfer of Acetyl Groups into Mitochondria		Not Available
Congenital lactic acidosis		Not Available
Fumarase deficiency		Not Available
Mitochondrial complex II deficiency		Not Available

Protein Targets

Enzymes

Protein Name	Gene Name	Locus	Uniprot ID	Details
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial	PDHB	3p21.1-p14.2	P11177	details
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial	PDHA1	Xp22.1	P08559	details
Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	GOT2	16q21	P00505	details
Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial	ACO2	22q13.2	Q99798	details
Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase	ACO1	9p21.1	P21399	details
6-phosphofructokinase, liver type	PFKL	21q22.3	P17858	details
Polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 protein	PKD2L1	10q24	Q9P0L9	details

Transporters

Not Available

Metal Bindings

Protein Name	Gene Name	Locus	Uniprot ID	Details
Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase	ACO1	9p21.1	P21399	details
6-phosphofructokinase, liver type	PFKL	21q22.3	P17858	details
Polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 protein	PKD2L1	10q24	Q9P0L9	details

Receptors

Not Available

Transcriptional Factors

Not Available

Concentrations Data

Cannabis Cultivar	Status	Value	Reference	Details
Alien Dawg	Detected and Quantified	6.7628 mg/g dry wt	David S. Wishart,...	details
Gabriola	Detected and Quantified	4.415 mg/g dry wt	David S. Wishart,...	details
Island Honey	Detected and Quantified	6.282 mg/g dry wt	David S. Wishart,...	details
Quadra	Detected and Quantified	1.983 mg/g dry wt	David S. Wishart,...	details
Sensi Star	Detected and Quantified	11.393 mg/g dry wt	David S. Wishart,...	details
Tangerine Dream	Detected and Quantified	4.0481 mg/g dry wt	David S. Wishart,...	details

External Links

HMDB ID

HMDB0000094

DrugBank ID

DB04272

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FoodDB ID

KNApSAcK ID

Chemspider ID

KEGG Compound ID

BioCyc ID

BiGG ID

Wikipedia Link

METLIN ID

PubChem Compound

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

30769

References

General References

Ren JG, Seth P, Ye H, Guo K, Hanai JI, Husain Z, Sukhatme VP: Citrate Suppresses Tumor Growth in Multiple Models through Inhibition of Glycolysis, the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and the IGF-1R Pathway. Sci Rep. 2017 Jul 3;7(1):4537. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04626-4. [PubMed:28674429 ]
Caudarella R, Vescini F, Buffa A, Stefoni S: Citrate and mineral metabolism: kidney stones and bone disease. Front Biosci. 2003 Sep 1;8:s1084-106. doi: 10.2741/1119. [PubMed:12957820 ]
Costello LC, Franklin RB: Testosterone and prolactin regulation of metabolic genes and citrate metabolism of prostate epithelial cells. Horm Metab Res. 2002 Aug;34(8):417-24. doi: 10.1055/s-2002-33598. [PubMed:12198595 ]

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
Gene Name:: PDHB
Uniprot ID:: P11177
Molecular weight:: 39233.1

Enzyme Details

2. Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Specific function:: The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.
Gene Name:: PDHA1
Uniprot ID:: P08559
Molecular weight:: 43295.255

Enzyme Details

3. Aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in transferase activity, transferring nitrogenous groups
Specific function:: Catalyzes the irreversible transamination of the L-tryptophan metabolite L-kynurenine to form kynurenic acid (KA). Plays a key role in amino acid metabolism. Important for metabolite exchange between mitochondria and cytosol. Facilitates cellular uptake of long-chain free fatty acids.
Gene Name:: GOT2
Uniprot ID:: P00505
Molecular weight:: 47517.285

Enzyme Details

4. Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in metabolic process
Specific function:: Catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate (By similarity).
Gene Name:: ACO2
Uniprot ID:: Q99798
Molecular weight:: 85424.745

Enzyme Details

5. Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase

General function:: Involved in metabolic process
Specific function:: Iron sensor. Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster and functions as aconitase when cellular iron levels are high. Functions as mRNA binding protein that regulates uptake, sequestration and utilization of iron when cellular iron levels are low. Binds to iron-responsive elements (IRES) in target mRNA species when iron levels are low. Binding of a 4Fe-4S cluster precludes RNA binding. Catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis-aconitate (By similarity).
Gene Name:: ACO1
Uniprot ID:: P21399
Molecular weight:: 98398.14

Enzyme Details

6. 6-phosphofructokinase, liver type

General function:: Involved in 6-phosphofructokinase activity
Specific function:: Catalyzes the third step of glycolysis, the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) by ATP to generate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) and ADP.
Gene Name:: PFKL
Uniprot ID:: P17858
Molecular weight:: 85017.825

Enzyme Details

7. Polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 protein

General function:: Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:: May function as a subunit of an ion channel and act as a transducer of calcium-mediated signaling
Gene Name:: PKD2L1
Uniprot ID:: Q9P0L9
Molecular weight:: 91981.2

Showing Compound Card for Citric acid (CDB006159)

Structure for CDB006159 (Citric acid)

Enzymes