1.02020-03-18 23:21:53 UTC2020-12-07 19:06:55 UTCCDB006153Palmitic acidPalmitic acid, also known as palmitate or C16, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Palmitic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water and relatively neutral. Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid, is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals, plants, and microorganisms. As its name indicates, it is a major component of the oil from the fruit of oil palms (palm oil). In humans and other mammals, excess carbohydrates in the body are converted to palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is the first fatty acid produced during fatty acid synthesis and is the precursor to longer fatty acids. As a consequence, palmitic acid is a major lipid component of animals. In humans, one analysis found it to make up 21‚Äì30% (molar) of human depot fat (PMID: 13756126), and it is a major, but highly variable, lipid component of human breast milk (PMID: 352132). Palmitic acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as sea-buckthornberries, avocado, star fruits, babassu palms, and acerola. Palmitic acid is used to produce soaps, cosmetics, and industrial mould release agents. These applications use sodium palmitate, which is commonly obtained by saponification of palm oil. To this end, palm oil triglycerides, rendered from palm trees (species Elaeis guineensis), are treated with sodium hydroxide (in the form of caustic soda or lye), which causes hydrolysis of the ester groups, yielding glycerol and sodium palmitate. Aluminium salts of palmitic acid and naphthenic acid were combined during World War II to produce napalm. The word "napalm" is derived from the word‚Äôs naphthenic acid and palmitic acid. Palmitic acid is also used in the determination of water hardness and is a surfactant of Levovist, an intravenous ultrasonic contrast agent. Palmitic acid is also a constituent of cannabis plant and cannabis smoke. It is volatilized during the combustion of cannabis (https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-947-9_2).1-Hexyldecanoic acid1-Pentadecanecarboxylic acid16:00C16C16 Fatty acidC16:0Cetylic acidCH3-[CH2]14-COOHFA 16:0HexadecanoateHexadecoic acidHexadecylic acidHexaectylic acidN-Hexadecanoic acidN-Hexadecoic acidPalmitatePalmitinic acidPalmitinsaeurePentadecanecarboxylic acid1-Hexyldecanoate1-PentadecanecarboxylateCetylateHexadecanoic acidHexadecoateHexadecylateHexaectylateN-HexadecanoateN-HexadecoatePalmitinatePentadecanecarboxylateEdenor C16Emersol 140Emersol 143Glycon p-45Hexadecanoate (N-C16:0)Hexadecanoic acid palmitic acidHydrofolHydrofol acid 1690Hystrene 8016Hystrene 9016Industrene 4516Kortacid 1698Loxiol ep 278Lunac p 95Lunac p 95KCLunac p 98PalmitoatePalmitoic acidPAMPLMPrifac 2960Prifrac 2960Pristerene 4934Univol u332Acid, hexadecanoicAcid, palmiticFA(16:0)C16H32O2256.42256.2402hexadecanoic acidpalmitic acid67701-02-4CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=OInChI=1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms.Long-chain fatty acidsOrganic compoundsLipids and lipid-like moleculesFatty AcylsFatty acids and conjugatesAliphatic acyclic compoundsCarbonyl compoundsCarboxylic acidsHydrocarbon derivativesMonocarboxylic acids and derivativesOrganic oxidesStraight chain fatty acidsAliphatic acyclic compoundCarbonyl groupCarboxylic acidCarboxylic acid derivativeHydrocarbon derivativeLong-chain fatty acidMonocarboxylic acid or derivativesOrganic oxideOrganic oxygen compoundOrganooxygen compoundStraight chain fatty acidSaturated fatty acidsStraight chain fatty acidsStraight chain fatty acidslong-chain fatty acidstraight-chain saturated fatty acidwater_solubility4e-05 mg/mLlogp7.17melting_point61.8 °Cboiling_point351–352 °Clogp7.23logs-5.80logp6.26pka_strongest_acidic4.95iupachexadecanoic acidaverage_mass256.42mono_mass256.2402smilesCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=OformulaC16H32O2inchiInChI=1S/C16H32O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16(17)18/h2-15H2,1H3,(H,17,18)inchikeyIPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-Npolar_surface_area37.3refractivity77.08polarizability34.36rotatable_bond_count14acceptor_count2donor_count1physiological_charge-1formal_charge0number_of_rings0bioavailability0rule_of_fiveYesghose_filterYesveber_ruleYesmddr_like_ruleYesC00249960DB0379615756985FDB031084PALMITATEC00030479Palmitic_acid34386187KINGSBURY KJ, PAUL S, CROSSLEY A, MORGAN DM: The fatty acid composition of human depot fat. Biochem J. 1961 Mar;78:541-50. doi: 10.1042/bj0780541.13756126Jensen RG, Hagerty MM, McMahon KE: Lipids of human milk and infant formulas: a review. Am J Clin Nutr. 1978 Jun;31(6):990-1016. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/31.6.990.352132