| Record Information |
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| Version | 1.0 |
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| Created at | 2020-03-18 23:24:08 UTC |
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| Updated at | 2022-12-13 23:36:25 UTC |
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| CannabisDB ID | CDB000083 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | Not Available |
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| Cannabis Compound Identification |
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| Common Name | Tyrosine |
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| Description | Tyrosine or L-tyrosine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tyrosine and derivatives. Tyrosine and derivatives are compounds containing tyrosine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Tyrosine is a very strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Tyrosine is an odorless tasting compound. Tyrosine is an essential amino acid that readily passes the blood-brain barrier. Once in the brain, it is a precursor for the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine, better known as adrenalin. These neurotransmitters are an important part of the body's sympathetic nervous system, and their concentrations in the body and brain are directly dependent upon dietary tyrosine. Tyrosine is not found in large concentrations throughout the body, probably because it is rapidly metabolized. Folic acid, copper and vitamin C are cofactor nutrients of these reactions. Tyrosine is also the precursor for hormones, thyroid, catecholestrogens and the major human pigment, melanin. Tyrosine is an important amino acid in many proteins, peptides and even enkephalins, the body's natural pain reliever. Valine and other branched amino acids, and possibly tryptophan and phenylalanine may reduce tyrosine absorption. A number of genetic errors of tyrosine metabolism occur, such as hawkinsinuria and tyrosinemia I. Most common is the increased amount of tyrosine in the blood of premature infants, which is marked by decreased motor activity, lethargy and poor feeding. Infection and intellectual deficits may occur. Vitamin C supplements reverse the disease. Some adults also develop elevated tyrosine in their blood. This indicates a need for more vitamin C. More tyrosine is needed under stress, and tyrosine supplements prevent the stress-induced depletion of norepinephrine and can cure biochemical depression. However, tyrosine may not be good for psychosis. Many antipsychotic medications apparently function by inhibiting tyrosine metabolism. L-dopa, which is directly used in Parkinson's, is made from tyrosine. Tyrosine, the nutrient, can be used as an adjunct in the treatment of Parkinson's. Peripheral metabolism of tyrosine necessitates large doses of tyrosine, however, compared to L-dopa ( Ref:DOI ). Outside of the human body, Tyrosine is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as caseins, milk (cow), and other soy products and in a lower concentration in semolina, crayfish, and crabs. Tyrosine has also been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as annual wild rices, lovages, corianders, lumpsuckers, and sugars. This could make Tyrosine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. |
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| Structure | |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| (2R)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid | ChEBI | | (R)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid | ChEBI | | (R)-3-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)alanine | ChEBI | | D-Tyr | ChEBI | | D-Tyrosin | ChEBI | | DTY | ChEBI | | (2R)-2-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate | Generator | | (R)-2-Amino-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionate | Generator |
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| Chemical Formula | C9H11NO3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 181.19 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 181.0739 |
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| IUPAC Name | (2R)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | (.+-.)-tyrosine |
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| CAS Registry Number | 556-02-5 |
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| SMILES | N[C@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-1-3-7(11)4-2-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | OUYCCCASQSFEME-MRVPVSSYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tyrosine and derivatives. Tyrosine and derivatives are compounds containing tyrosine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of tyrosine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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| Direct Parent | Tyrosine and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Tyrosine or derivatives
- Phenylalanine or derivatives
- 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
- Alpha-amino acid
- Amphetamine or derivatives
- D-alpha-amino acid
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Phenol
- Aralkylamine
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Benzenoid
- Amino acid
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic oxide
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Amine
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary amine
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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Not Available | | Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | 0.045 g/100 mL | Wikipedia | | logP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | [] |
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| Alien Dawg | Detected and Quantified | 0.108 mg/g dry wt | | details | | Gabriola | Detected and Quantified | 0.0587 mg/g dry wt | | details | | Island Honey | Detected and Quantified | 0.0544 mg/g dry wt | | details | | Quadra | Detected and Quantified | 0.0756 mg/g dry wt | | details | | Sensi Star | Detected and Quantified | 0.0678 mg/g dry wt | | details | | Tangerine Dream | Detected and Quantified | 0.0532 mg/g dry wt | | details |
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